Thursday 29 September 2016

Céfazoline Flavelab




Céfazoline Flavelab may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Céfazoline Flavelab



Cefazolin

Cefazolin sodium salt (a derivative of Cefazolin) is reported as an ingredient of Céfazoline Flavelab in the following countries:


  • France

International Drug Name Search

Cavida




Cavida may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cavida



Calcium Carbonate

Calcium Carbonate is reported as an ingredient of Cavida in the following countries:


  • Indonesia

Colecalciferol

Colecalciferol is reported as an ingredient of Cavida in the following countries:


  • Indonesia

International Drug Name Search

Ambroxol Clorhidrat




Ambroxol Clorhidrat may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Ambroxol Clorhidrat



Ambroxol

Ambroxol hydrochloride (a derivative of Ambroxol) is reported as an ingredient of Ambroxol Clorhidrat in the following countries:


  • Romania

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday 28 September 2016

Sertra




Sertra may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Sertra



Sertraline

Sertraline is reported as an ingredient of Sertra in the following countries:


  • Dominican Republic

Sertraline hydrochloride (a derivative of Sertraline) is reported as an ingredient of Sertra in the following countries:


  • Australia

International Drug Name Search

Enalapril 1A Farma




Enalapril 1A Farma may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Enalapril 1A Farma



Enalapril

Enalapril maleate (a derivative of Enalapril) is reported as an ingredient of Enalapril 1A Farma in the following countries:


  • Denmark

International Drug Name Search

Cisplatin Hexal




Cisplatin Hexal may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cisplatin Hexal



Cisplatin

Cisplatin is reported as an ingredient of Cisplatin Hexal in the following countries:


  • Germany

International Drug Name Search

Legalon SIL




Legalon SIL may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Legalon SIL



Silibinin

Silibinin 2',3-di(sodium succinate) (a derivative of Silibinin) is reported as an ingredient of Legalon SIL in the following countries:


  • Belgium

  • Luxembourg

  • Spain

  • Switzerland

International Drug Name Search

Betaren




Betaren may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Betaren



Diclofenac

Diclofenac sodium salt (a derivative of Diclofenac) is reported as an ingredient of Betaren in the following countries:


  • Israel

International Drug Name Search

Cipro HC


Generic Name: ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic (sih pro FLOCK sah sin and hye droe CORE tih sone OH tic)

Brand Names: Cipro HC


What is Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic)?

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Ciprofloxacin fights bacteria in the body.


Hydrocortisone is a steroid. It is used with ciprofloxacin to reduce inflammation caused by an infection.


Together, ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone are used to treat ear infections.


Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic)?


Do not use this medication in the eyes or take it by mouth. Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic is intended for use in the ears only. Do not touch the dropper opening to any surface, including the ears or hands. The dropper opening is sterile. If it becomes contaminated, it could cause another infection in the ear.

Notify your doctor if the condition does not improve or appears to worsen.


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic)?


Do not use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic if the ear drum (tympanic membrane) has ruptured (broken). It may be dangerous for medicine to get into the inner ear. A ruptured ear drum usually causes a considerable amount of pain. A decrease in hearing may also occur. Call your doctor if you suspect a ruptured ear drum. Your doctor will know if the ear drum is ruptured by looking into the ear with a special device (otoscope). Do not use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic without first talking to your doctor if you have had a previous allergic reaction to it or to another similar oral or topical medication such as:

  • a fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gatifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ofloxacin (Floxin), sparfloxacin (Zagam), or trovafloxacin (Trovan);




  • an oral or injectable steroid such as cortisone (Cortef, Cortone), dexamethasone (Decadron), hydrocortisone (Hydrocortone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone (Prelone, Pediapred), prednisone (Orasone, Deltasone), and others; or




  • a topical steroid such as betamethasone (Diprosone, Diprolene), clobetasol (Temovate, Olux), fluocinolone (Synalar, Synemol, Fluonid), fluocinonide (Lidex), fluticasone (Cutivate), halobetasol (Ultravate), mometasone (Elocon), triamcinolone (Aristocort), and others.



You may not be able to use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment.


Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether it will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic passes into breast milk. Do not use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic)?


Use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you. Do not use this medication in the eyes or take it by mouth. Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic is intended for use in the ears only.

In general, ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic should be used as follows:



  • Warm the drops slightly by holding them in the hands for 1 or 2 minutes. Administration of cold drops into the ear may cause dizziness.




  • Have another person administer the drops whenever possible. Have the affected person lie on their side or tilt the ear up to make administering a drop easier.



  • Gently shake the drops just before administration.


  • For adults, hold the earlobe up and back. For children, hold the earlobe down and back. This will allow the drops to run into the ear canal. Carefully instill the prescribed number of drops in the first ear.




  • Keep the ear tilted for approximately 30 to 60 seconds to allow the medication to penetrate the ear.




  • Repeat the process in the other ear if prescribed.



Use all of the medication that has been prescribed. Symptoms may begin to improve before the condition is completely treated. If you do not use all of the medication prescribed, the condition could return or worsen.


It is important to use ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic regularly to get the most benefit.


Notify your doctor if the condition does not improve or appears to worsen.


Avoid getting water inside of the affected ear(s) during treatment with ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone. Care should be used while bathing and swimming may not be recommended. Talk to your healthcare provider.

Store ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic at room temperature or in the refrigerator, away from moisture, heat, and direct light. Keep the bottle properly capped. Do not allow the medication to freeze.


What happens if I miss a dose?


Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and use only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not use a double dose of ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic unless otherwise directed by your doctor.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected or if the medication has been ingested.

Symptoms of a ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic overdose are not known.


What should I avoid while using this medication?


Ear infections may sometimes cause dizziness or a loss of balance. Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities if you experience dizziness or a loss of balance. Avoid getting water inside of the affected ear(s) during treatment with ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone. Care should be used while bathing and swimming may not be recommended. Talk to your healthcare provider.

Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic) side effects


Stop using ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic and seek emergency medical attention or notify your doctor if you experience:

  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives);




  • skin rash; or




  • ear drainage, discharge, or worsening pain.



Other less serious side effects may also occur such as headache or itching in the ear. Continue to use the medication and talk to your doctor if these side effects seem excessive or unusual.


Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


What other drugs will affect my Cipro HC (ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic)?


Do not use other ear drops during treatment with ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic without first talking to your doctor.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.



More Cipro HC resources


  • Cipro HC Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Cipro HC Dosage
  • Cipro HC Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Cipro HC Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Cipro HC - Add your own review/rating


  • Cipro HC Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information



Compare Cipro HC with other medications


  • Acute Otitis Externa


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist has more information about ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone otic written for health professionals that you may read.

See also: Cipro HC side effects (in more detail)


Citalopram Tiefenbacher




Citalopram Tiefenbacher may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Citalopram Tiefenbacher



Citalopram

Citalopram hydrobromide (a derivative of Citalopram) is reported as an ingredient of Citalopram Tiefenbacher in the following countries:


  • Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Cattlyst




In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Cattlyst



Chlortetracycline

Chlortetracycline is reported as an ingredient of Cattlyst in the following countries:


  • United States

Laidlomycin

Laidlomycin propionate potassium (a derivative of Laidlomycin) is reported as an ingredient of Cattlyst in the following countries:


  • United States

International Drug Name Search

Celestovet




Celestovet may be available in the countries listed below.


In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Celestovet



Betamethasone

Betamethasone 21-acetate and 21-(disodium phosphate) (a derivative of Betamethasone) is reported as an ingredient of Celestovet in the following countries:


  • Germany

  • Switzerland

International Drug Name Search

Clabin




Clabin may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Clabin



Lactic Acid

Lactic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Clabin in the following countries:


  • Germany

Salicylic Acid

Salicylic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Clabin in the following countries:


  • Germany

International Drug Name Search

Tuesday 27 September 2016

Behealth




Behealth may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Behealth



Betamethasone

Betamethasone is reported as an ingredient of Behealth in the following countries:


  • Japan

Dexchlorpheniramine

Dexchlorpheniramine maleate (a derivative of Dexchlorpheniramine) is reported as an ingredient of Behealth in the following countries:


  • Japan

International Drug Name Search

CeVi-tabs




CeVi-tabs may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for CeVi-tabs



Ascorbic Acid

Ascorbic Acid is reported as an ingredient of CeVi-tabs in the following countries:


  • Finland

International Drug Name Search

Feiba NF


Generic Name: anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (Intravenous route)


AN-tee in-HIB-i-ter co-AG-yoo-lant kom-plex


Intravenous route(Powder for Solution)

Thrombotic and thromboembolic events have been reported during post-marketing surveillance following infusion of anti-inhibitor coagulation complex, vapor heated (VH) or anti-inhibitor coagulation complex, nanofiltered (NF), particularly following the administration of high doses and/or in patients with thrombotic risk factors .



Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Autoplex T

  • Feiba NF

  • Feiba-VH

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Powder for Solution

Therapeutic Class: Antihemophilic Agent


Uses For Feiba NF


Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex injection is used to control bleeding episodes or bleeding during surgery in patients with hemophilia A and hemophilia B.


Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex contains substances called coagulation factors (e.g., non-activated Factors II, IX, and X, and activated Factor VII) that are normally produced in the body. These substances are used to stop bleeding of injuries for patients with hemophilia by helping the blood to clot.


This medicine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor.


Before Using Feiba NF


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of anti-inhibitor coagulation complex injection in newborn babies. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of anti-inhibitor coagulation complex injection in geriatric patients. However, it should be used with caution in elderly patients.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersCAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Aminocaproic Acid

  • Tranexamic Acid

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) or

  • Blood clotting problems (e.g., venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) or history of or

  • Heart attack, history of or

  • Injury, serious or

  • Septicemia (serious blood infection) or

  • Stroke, history of—Use with caution. May increase the risk of a blood clot.

  • Bleeding problems caused by coagulation factor VIII or coagulation factor IX deficiencies or

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation or DIC (blood clotting problem) or

  • Fibrinolysis or

  • If your blood clots normally—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

  • Coronary heart disease, history of or

  • Liver disease (including hepatitis A) or

  • Parvovirus B19 infection or

  • Weak immune system—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

  • Non-hemophilic patients (who have acquired inhibitors against Factors VIII, IX, or XII)—May increased risk for both bleeding and blood clotting problems.

Proper Use of anti-inhibitor coagulant complex

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain anti-inhibitor coagulant complex. It may not be specific to Feiba NF. Please read with care.


A doctor or other trained health professional will give you this medicine. This medicine is given through a needle placed in one of your veins.


Precautions While Using Feiba NF


It is very important that your doctor check you closely while you are receiving this medicine to make sure it is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.


This medicine may increase your chance of having blood clots or bleeding, especially in patients with atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), injury, a serious blood infection (septicemia), or a history of blood clotting problems, heart attack, or stroke. Patients who stay in bed for a long time because of surgery or illness are also at risk for blood clots. Check with your doctor right away if you suddenly have chest pain, shortness of breath, a severe headache, leg pain, or problems with vision, speech, or walking.


This medicine may cause serious types of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash; itching; hoarseness; trouble with breathing; trouble with swallowing; lightheadedness or dizziness; or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth after you have receive this medicine.


This medicine is made from donated human blood. Some human blood products have transmitted certain viruses to people who have received them. The risk of getting a virus from medicines made from human blood has been greatly reduced in recent years. This is the result of required testing of human donors for certain viruses, and testing during the making of these medicines. Although the risk is low, talk with your doctor if you have concerns.


Stop using this medicine and check with your doctor right away if you have chest pain, cough, fast or slow heartbeat, shortness of breath, trouble with breathing, or wheezing after receiving this medicine.


Check with your doctor right away if you develop pain or tenderness in the upper stomach; pale stools; dark urine; loss of appetite; nausea; unusual tiredness or weakness; or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.


Check with your doctor right away if you have fever, chills, drowsiness, joint pain, rash, or runny nose.


Certain components of the packaging material contain dry natural rubber (a derivative of latex), which may cause allergic reactions in people who are sensitive to latex. Tell your doctor if you have a latex allergy before you start using this medicine.


Feiba NF Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


Incidence not known
  • Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

  • chest pain or discomfort

  • cough

  • difficulty with swallowing

  • dizziness

  • fast heartbeat

  • fever

  • hives or welts

  • hoarseness

  • irritation

  • itching

  • joint pain, stiffness, or swelling

  • nausea

  • pain in the injection site

  • pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck

  • puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue

  • redness of the skin

  • shortness of breath

  • skin rash

  • sweating

  • swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet

  • tightness in the chest

  • troubled breathing or swallowing

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

  • vomiting

  • wheezing

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Feiba NF side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More Feiba NF resources


  • Feiba NF Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Feiba NF Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Feiba NF Drug Interactions
  • Feiba NF Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Feiba NF - Add your own review/rating


  • Feiba NF MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Feiba NF Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Complex Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

  • FEIBA NF Prescribing Information (FDA)



Compare Feiba NF with other medications


  • Hemophilia A

Citro Jod




Citro Jod may be available in the countries listed below.


In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Citro Jod



Povidone Iodine

Povidone-Iodine is reported as an ingredient of Citro Jod in the following countries:


  • Italy

International Drug Name Search

CaviD




CaviD may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for CaviD



Calcium Carbonate

Calcium Carbonate is reported as an ingredient of CaviD in the following countries:


  • Denmark

Colecalciferol

Colecalciferol is reported as an ingredient of CaviD in the following countries:


  • Denmark

International Drug Name Search

Monday 26 September 2016

Cebutral




Cebutral may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cebutral



Acebutolol

Acebutolol is reported as an ingredient of Cebutral in the following countries:


  • Tunisia

International Drug Name Search

Mutabon




Mutabon may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Mutabon



Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline hydrochloride (a derivative of Amitriptyline) is reported as an ingredient of Mutabon in the following countries:


  • Indonesia

  • Italy

Perphenazine

Perphenazine is reported as an ingredient of Mutabon in the following countries:


  • Indonesia

  • Italy

International Drug Name Search

Clarithromycin Suspension





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Clarithromycin 125 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



Clarithromycin 250 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Clarithromycin 125 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



After reconstitution 1 ml oral suspension contains 25 mg clarithromycin, 5 ml oral suspension contain 125 mg clarithromycin.



Clarithromycin 250 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



After reconstitution 1 ml oral suspension contains 50 mg clarithromycin, 5 ml oral suspension contain 250 mg clarithromycin.



These products contain 2,4 g sucrose per 5 ml ready- for- use suspension.



For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Granules for oral suspension.



White to beige granules.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



Clarithromycin 25 and 50 mg/ml granules for oral suspension is indicated for the treatment of the following acute and chronic infections, when caused by clarithromycin susceptible organisms.



• Infections of the upper respiratory tract such as tonsillitis/pharyngitis, as an alternative when beta lactam antibiotics are not appropriate.



• Acute otitis media in children.



• Infections of the lower respiratory tract such as community acquired pneumonia.



• Sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age



• Skin infections and soft tissue infections of mild to moderate severity.



In appropriate combination with antibacterial therapeutic regimens and an appropriate ulcer healing medicinal product for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in adult patients with H. pylori associated ulcers. See section 4.2.



Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



The dosage of Clarithromycin 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml granules for oral suspension depends on the clinical condition of the patient and has to be defined in any case by the physician.



Adults and adolescents:



Standard dosage: The usual dose is 250 mg twice daily.



High dosage treatment (severe infections): The usual dose may be increased to 500 mg twice daily in severe infections.



Elimination of Helicobacter pylori in adults:



In patients with gastro-duodenal ulcers due to H. pylori infection clarithromycin as part of the first line triple therapy is given in a dosage of 500 mg twice daily. The national recommendations for Helicobacter pylori eradication have to be considered.



Dosage in renal functional impairment:



The maximum recommended dosages should be reduced proportionately to renal impairment.



At creatinine clearance rate of less than 30 ml/min, the dosage should be halved to 250 mg daily or in the most severe infections to 250 mg twice daily. The duration of treatment should not exceed 14 days in these patients.



Children up to 12 years of age:



The recommended dose is 7,5 mg/kg twice a day.























Weight

Age

Dosage 125 mg/5ml

Dosage 250 mg/5ml

8 – 11 kg

1 – 2 years

2.5 ml twice daily

n/a

12 – 19 kg

2 – 4 years

5.0 ml twice daily

2.5 ml twice daily

20 – 29 kg

4 – 8 years

7.5 ml twice daily

3.75 ml twice daily

30 – 40 kg

8 – 12 years

10.0 ml twice daily

5.0 ml twice daily


Children weighing less than 8 kg should be treated based on their bodyweight.



There is limited experience of treatment of children below 6 months of age.



For the indication community acquired pneumonia effect in children under 3 years of age is not documented.



In renal insufficiency, especially if the creatinine clearance is < 30 ml/min, the dose must be halved, i.e. 7,5 mg/kg once a day, and the duration of treatment should not exceed 14 days..



Duration of therapy:



The duration of therapy with Clarithromycin 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml granules for oral suspension depends on the clinical condition of the patient. The duration of therapy has in any case to be determined by the physician.



• The usual duration of treatment of children up to 12 years of age is 5 to 10 days.



• The usual duration of treatment of adults and adolescents is 6 to 14 days.



• Therapy should be continued at least for 2 days after symptoms have subsided.



• In streptococcus pyogenes (as a beta-haemolytic streptococcal) infections the duration of therapy should be at least 10 days.



• Combination therapy for the eradication of H. pylori infection, e.g. clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily in combination with amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily and omeprazole 20 mg twice daily should be continued for 7 days.



Method of administration:



Before administration the granules must be reconstituted with water, see section 6.6. For administration after reconstitution an oral PE/PP-measuring syringe or a PP-measuring spoon are used.



Granules of the oral suspension can cause a bitter aftertaste when remaining in the mouth. This can be avoided by eating or drinking something immediately after the intake of the suspension



Clarithromycin may be given irrespective of food intake. Food does not affect the extent of bioavailability. Food does only slightly delay the onset of absorption of clarithromycin.



4.3 Contraindications



Clarithromycin 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml granules for oral suspension must not be used in patients with a hypersensitivity to the active substance, other macrolide antibiotics or to any of the excipients.



Clarithromycin and ergot derivatives should not be co-administered.



Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and any of the following active substances is contraindicated: cisapride, pimozide and terfenadine. Elevated cisapride, pimozide and terfenadine levels have been reported in patients receiving either of these active substances and clarithromycin concomitantly. This may result in QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and Torsade de Pointes. Similar effects have been observed with concomitant administration of astemizole and other macrolides (see section 4.5).



Clarithromycin 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml granules for oral suspension should not be administered to hypokalemic patients (prolongation of QT-time, see section 4.4).



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



This medicinal product contains 2.4 g powdered sucrose per 5 ml ready-for-use suspension. This should be taken into account in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucosegalactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.



Clarithromycin is mainly excreted by the liver. Therefore, caution should be taken in administering clarithromycin to patients with impaired hepatic function.



When renal function is poor, dosage of clarithromycin should be suitably reduced depending on the degree of the impairment (see section 4.2). In elderly patients, the possibility of renal impairment should be considered.



Clarithromycin therapy for H. pylori may select for drug-resistant organisms.



Patients who are hypersensitive to lincomycin or clindamycin may also be hypersensitive to clarithromycin. Therefore, caution is required when prescribing clarithromycin for such patients.



Prolonged or repeated use of clarithromycin may result in superinfections with insusceptible organisms. In case of superinfection, clarithromycin therapy should be stopped.



Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to consider its diagnosis in patients who develop severe diarrhoea during or after therapy with clarithromycin.



Due to a risk of increased QT-interval, clarithromycin should be used with caution in patients with a coronary vessel disease, a history of ventricular arrhythmia, severe cardiac insufficiency, non-compensated hypokalemia and/or hypomagnesemia, bradycardia (< 50 bpm), or when co-administered with other medicinal products with a QT-prolonging effect. Clarithromycin should not be used in patients with congenital or documented acquired QT prolongation (see section 4.5).



There have been post-marketing reports of colchicine toxicity with concomitant use of clarithromycin and colchicine, especially in the elderly, some of which occurred in patients with renal insufficiency. Deaths have been reported in some such patients (see section 4.5).



Clarithromycin should be used with caution whenever indicated for use in patients receiving treatment with an inducer of CYP3A4 (see section 4.5).



Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, and concomitant use with other medicinal products that are metabolised to a large extent by this enzyme should be restricted to situations where it is clearly indicated (see section 4.5).



Exacerbation or aggravation of Myasthenia gravis may occur.



Clarithromycin inhibits the metabolism of some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which results in increased plasma concentrations of these medicinal products (see section 4.5).



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



The effect of Clarithromycin suspension on other medicinal products



Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the metabolising enzyme CYP3A4 and the transport protein P-glycoprotein. The degree of inhibition with different CYP3A4 substrates is difficult to predict. Hence, clarithromycin should not be used during treatment with other medicinal products that are substrates for CYP3A4, unless plasma levels, therapeutic effect or adverse events of the CYP3A4 substrate can be closely monitored. A dose reduction may be necessary for medicinal products that are substrates for CYP3A4 if co-administered with clarithromycin. Alternatively, treatment with these products may be interrupted during clarithromycin treatment.



Medicinal products with a potential to prolong QT-interval



Clarithromycin has been reported to inhibit the metabolism of cisapride and terfenadine, with a 2 to 3-fold increase in plasma levels reported for terfenadine. This has been associated with QT-prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrilation and torsades de pointes. Similar symptoms have been described for patients treated with pimozid when combined with clarithromycin. Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and terfenadine, cisapride, pimozide or astemizole is contraindicated (see section 4.3).



Cases with torsades de pointes has been reported in patients where clarithromycin has been co-administered with quinidine or disopyramid. These combinations should therefore be avoided, or plasma levels of quinidine or disopyramid closely monitored to allow dose adjustment.



Caution is warranted when clarithromyin is administered to patients treated taking other medicinal products with the potential to prolong QT (see section 4.4).



Colchicin



Colchicine is a substrate for both CYP3A and the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Clarithromycin and other macrolides are known to inhibit CYP3A and Pgp. When clarithromycin and colchicine are administered together, inhibition of Pgp and/or CYP3A by clarithromycin may lead to increased exposure to colchicine. Patients should be monitored for clinical symptoms of colchicine toxicity (see section 4.4).



HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors



Clarithromycin inhibits the metabolism of some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which results in increased plasma concentrations of these medicinal products. Rhabdomyolysis in association with increased plasma concentrations have in rare cases been reported in patients treated with clarithromycin and simvastatin or lovastatin. Clarithromycin may produce a similar interaction with atorvastatin and cerivastatin. When treatment with clarithromycin is indicated in patients receiving treatment with either simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, or cerivastatin patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of myopathy (see section 4.4).



Ergot vasoconstrictors (e.g. dihydroergotamine, ergotamine)



Cases of ergotism due to increased plasma levels of ergot alkaloids have been reported when these products have been co-administered with macrolides. The combination is contraindicated (see section 4.3).



Benzodiazepines



When midazolam was co-administered with clarithromycin tablets (250 mg twice daily), midazolam AUC was increased 2.7-fold after intravenous administration of midazolam and 7-fold after oral administration. Concomitant administration of oral midazolam and clarithromycin should be avoided. If intravenous midazolam is co-administered with clarithromycin, the patient must be closely monitored to allow dose adjustment. The same precautions should also apply to other benzodiazepines that are metabolised by CYP3A4, especially triazolam but also alprazolam. For benzodiazepines which are not metabolised by CYP3A4 (temazepam, nitrazepam, lorazepam) an interaction with clarithromycin is unlikely.



Cyclosporin, tacrolimus and sirolimus



Concomitant use of oral clarithromycin and cyclosporin or tacrolimus have resulted in more than a 2-fold increase of the Cmin-levels of both cyclosporin and tacrolimus. Similar effects are also expected for sirolimus. When initiating treatment with clarithromycin in patients already receiving any of these immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporin, tacrolimus or sirolimus plasma levels must be closely monitored and their doses decreased as necessary. When clarithromycin is discontinued in these patients, close monitoring of plasma levels of cyclosporin, tacrolimus or sirolimus, is again necessary to guide dose adjustment.



Digoxin and other active substances transported by P-glycoprotein



Claritromycin is a potent inhibitor of the transport protein P-glycoprotein (Pgp). This could give rise to increased plasma concentrations of active substances which are transported by this transporter and may also increase distribution of such active substances to organs having Pgp as an distribution barrier eg CNS. The concentration of the Pgp substrate digoxin may be increased when co-administered with clarithromycin. Monitoring of plasma levels of digoxin should be considered when co-treatment with clarithromycin is initiated or terminated since a dose adjustment may be warranted.



Warfarin



The use of clarithromycin in patients receiving warfarin may result in potentiation of the effects of warfarin. Prothrombin time should be frequently monitored in these patients.



Carbamazepin



Clarithromycin may potentiate the effects of carbamazepine due to a reduction in the rate of excretion.



Theophylline



The administration of clarithromycin to patients who are receiving theophylline has been associated with an increase in serum theophylline levels and potential theophylline toxicity.



Zidovudine



Simultaneous oral administration of clarithromycin tablets and zidovudine to HIV infected adult patients may result in decreased steady-state zidovudine levels. This can be largely avoided by staggering the doses of clarithromycin and zidovudine by 1-2 hours. No such reaction has been reported in children.



Fluconazole



Clarithromycin may increase plasma fluconazole levels



The effect of other medicinal products on Clarithromycin supension



Clarithromycin is metabolised by the enzyme CYP3A4. Hence, strong inhibitors of this enzyme may inhibit the metabolism of clarithromycin, resulting in increased plasma concentrations of clarithromycin.



Although the plasma concentrations of clarithromycin and omeprazole may be increased when they are administered concurrently, no adjustment to the dosage is necessary. Increased plasma concentrations of clarithromycin may also occur when it is co-administered with antacids or ranitidine. No adjustment to the dosage is necessary.



Ritonavir (200 mg three times daily) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily), with an increase in Cmax, Cmin and AUC of 31, 182 and 77%, respectively, when co-administered with ritonavir. Formation of the active 14-OH-hydroxy metabolite was almost completely inhibited. A general dose reduction is probably not required in patients with normal renal function, but the daily dose of clarithromycin should not exceed 1 g. Dose reduction should be considered in patients with renal impairment. For patients with a creatinine clearance of 30 to 60 ml/min, the clarithromycin dose should be reduced with 50%, and at a creatinine clearance of < 30 ml/min the dose should be reduced with 75%.



Products that are inducers of CYP3A4 (e.g. rifampicin, phenytoin, carabamazepin, phenobarbital, St. Johns wort) may induce the metabolism of clarithromycin. This may result in sub-therapeutic levels of clarithromycin leading to a reduced efficacy. When clarithromycin is clearly indicated it might be necessary to increase the dose of clarithromycin and monitor the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin carefully . Furthermore monitoring the plasma levels of the CYP3A4 inducer might be necessary because the latter could be increased owing to the inhibition of CYP3A4 by clarithromycin (see also the relevant product information for the CYP3A4 inducer administered).



Concomitant administration of rifabutin and clarithromycin resulted in an increase and decrease, respectively, in serum levels, followed by an increased risk of uveitis.



A 39% reduction in AUC for clarithromycin and a 34% increase in AUC for the active 14-OH-hydroxy metabolite have been seen when clarithromycin was used concomitantly with the CYP3A4 inducer efavirenz.



Interaction in eradication of H.pylori regimens



Although the plasma concentrations of clarithromycin and omeprazole may be increased when they are administered concurrently, no adjustment to the dosage is necessary. At the dosages recommended, there is no clinically significant interaction between clarithromycin and lansoprazole. Increased plasma concentrations of clarithromycin may also occur when it is co-administered with antacids or ranitidine. No adjustment to the dosage is necessary. There are no pharmacokinetic interactions with relevant antibiotics which are used in H. pylori eradication therapy.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Pregnancy



Data on the use of clarithromycin during the first trimester of more than 200 pregnancies show no clear evidence of teratogenic effects, or of adverse effects on the health of the neonate. Data from a limited number of pregnant women exposed in the first trimester indicate a possible increased risk of abortions. To date no other relevant epidemiological data are available.



Data from animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). The risk for humans is unknown. Clarithromycin should only be used during pregnancy after a careful benefit/risk assessment.



Lactation



Clarithromycin and its active metabolite are excreted in breast milk. Therefore, diarrhoea and fungus infection of the mucous membranes could occur in the breast-fed infant, so that nursing might have to be discontinued. The possibility of sensitisation should be born in mind. The benefit of treatment of the mother should be weighed against the potential risk for the infant.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



There are no data available on the effect of clarithromycin on the ability to drive or use machines. When performing these activities the possible occurrence of the adverse reactions dizziness, vertigo, confusion and disorientation should be taken into account.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



The most frequently reported events in adults taking clarithromycin tablets were diarrhea (3%), nausea (3%), abnormal taste (3%), dyspepsia (2%), abdominal pain/discomfort (2%), and headache (2%).



In this section undesirable effects are defined as follows:



Very common (



Common (



Uncommon (



Rare (



Very rare (< 1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)



Infections and infestations



Common: Oral monilia



As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.



Blood and the lymphatic system disorders



Uncommon: Decreased leucocyte levels



Very rare: Thrombocytopenia



Immune system disorders



Uncommon: Allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin eruptions to anaphylaxis.



Psychiatric disorders



Very rare: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, psychosis, disorientation, depersonalisation, bad dreams and confusion.



Nervous system disorders



Common: Headache, smell alteration,.



Very rare: Dizziness, vertigo, paraesthesia, convulsions.



Ear and labyrinth disorders



Rare: Tinnitus



Very rare: Reversible hearing loss



Cardiac disorders



Very rare: QT prolongation, ventricular tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes.



Gastrointestinal disorders



Common: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, stomatitis, glossitis, reversible tooth and tongue discoloration, and taste perversion, i.e. metallic or bitter taste.



Very rare: Pancreatitis. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported very rarely with clarithromycin, and may range in severity from mild to life threatening.



Hepato-biliary disorders



Uncommon: Hepatic dysfunction, which is usually transient and reversible, hepatitis and cholestasis with or without jaundice.



Very rare: Fatal hepatic failure has been reported particularly in patients with pre-existing liver disease or taking other hepatotoxic medicinal products.



Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders



Very rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis



Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders



Uncommon: Arthralgia, myalgia.



Renal and urinary disorders



Very rare: Interstitial nephritis, renal failure.



Investigations



Common: Elevated blood urea nitrogen



Uncommon: Prolongation of prothrombin time, elevated serum creatinine, altered liver function tests (increased transaminase levels).



Very rare: Hypoglycaemia has been observed especially after concomitant administration with antidiabetic medicinal products and insulin



4.9 Overdose



Symptoms of intoxication:



Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms of overdose may largely correspond to the profile of adverse reactions. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokaliaemia and hypoxaemia.



Therapy of intoxication:



There is no specific antidote on overdose. Serum levels of clarithromycin can not be reduced by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.



Adverse reactions accompanying overdose should be treated by gastric lavage and supportive measures. Severe acute allergic reactions may be seen very rarely, e.g. anaphylactic shock. At first signs of hypersensitivity reactions therapy with clarithromycin must be discontinued and the required measures should be initiated immediately.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



General properties



Pharmacological-therapeutical group:



Macrolides. ATC Code J01FA09.



Mechanism of action:



Clarithromycin exerts its anti-bacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal sub-unit of susceptible bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis. It is highly potent against a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clarithromycin are generally two-fold lower than the MICs of erythromycin.



The 14-hydroxy metabolite of clarithromycin also has antimicrobial activity. The MICs of this metabolite are equal or two-fold higher than the MICs of the parent compound, except for Haemophilus influenzae where the 14-hydroxy metabolite is two-fold more active than the parent compound.



PK/PD relationship



For clarithromycin the AUC/ MIC is the major PK/ PD parameter correlating best with the efficacy of clarithromycin.



Mechanism of resistance:



The mechanisms of acquired resistance in macrolides are: efflux of active substance by an active pump mechanism, inducible or constitutive production of a methylase enzyme that modifies the ribosomal target, hydrolysis of macrolides by esterases, chromosomal mutations that alter a 50s ribosomal protein.



Cross-resistance between clarithromycin and other macrolides and clindamycin and lincomycin may therefore occur. Methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to all currently available Beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides such as clarithromycin.



Breakpoints



EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing)






















pathogens




susceptible (mg/l)




resistant (mg/l)



Staphylococcus spp.





> 2



Streptococcus spp.


(Gruppen A, B, C, G)







> 0,5l



Streptococcus pneumoniae





> 0,5



Haemophilus influenzae





> 32



Moraxella catarrhalis





> 0,5



Susceptibility



The prevalence of acquired resistance may vary geographically and with time for selected species and local information on resistance is desirable, particularly when treating severe infections. As necessary, expert advice should be sought when the local prevalence of resistance is such that the utility of the agent in at least some types of infections is questionable.



Pathogens for which resistance may be a problem: prevalence of resistance is equal to or greater than 10% in at least one country in the European Union




























Commonly susceptible species




Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms




Streptococcus pyogenes 1




Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms




Haemophilus influenzae $




Moraxella catarrhalis




Helicobacter pylori 2




Other microorganisms




Chlamydophila pneumoniae°




Legionella pneumophila°




Mycobacterium avium°




Mycobacterium chelonae




Mycobacterium intrazellulare°




Mycoplasma pneumoniae




Species for which acquired resistance may be a problem




Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms




Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible)




Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistent) +




Streptococcus pneumoniae




Inherently resistant organisms




Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms




Escherica coli




Klebsiella spp




Pseudomonas aeruginosa



° No updated data were available at release of tables. Primary literature, scientific standard literature and therapeutic recommendations assume susceptibility.



$ Inherent susceptibility of most of the isolates shows intermediate resistance.



+ At least one region shows resistance rates higher than 50%.



1 The resistance rates are in some studies



2 The resistance rate is



Other information



Most available clinical experience from controlled randomised clinical trials indicate that clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily in combination with another antibiotic e.g. amoxicillin or metronidazole and e.g. omeprazole (given at approved levels) for 7 days achieve> 80% H. pylori eradication rate in patients with gastro-doudenal ulcers. As expected, significantly lower eradication rates were observed in patients with baseline metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolates. Hence, local information on the prevalence of resistance and local therapeutic guidelines should be taken into account in the choice of an appropriate combination regimen for H. pylori eradication therapy. Furthermore, in patients with persistent infection, potential development of secondary resistance (in patients with primary susceptible strains) to an antimicrobial medicinal product should be taken into the considerations for a new retreatment regimen.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



Absorption:



Clarithromycin is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract – primarily in the jejunum - but undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of a 250-mg clarithromycin tablet is approximately 50%. The bioavailability of the suspension is identical to or slightly higher than the bioavailability of the tablets. The pharmacokinetic profile of the suspension in children corresponds to the pharmacokinetic profile of the suspension in adults. Food slightly delays the absorption but does not affect the extent of bioavailability. Therefore, clarithromycin may be given without regard to food. Due to its chemical structure (6-O-Methylerythromycin) clarithromycin is quite resistant to degradation by stomach acid. Peak plasma levels of 1 – 2 µg/ml clarithromycin were observed in adults after oral administration of 250 mg twice daily. After administration of 500 mg clarithromycin twice daily the peak plasma level was 2,8 µg/ml. In children the following steady-state parameters were observed after the ninth dose in a dose regimen of 7,5 mg/kg twice daily on average for clarithromycin: Cmax 4,60 µg/ml, AUC 15,7 µg.hour/ml and Tmax 2,8 hours. The corresponding average values for the 14-OH metabolite were respectively: 1,64 µg/ml, 6,69 µg.hour/ml and 2,7 hours.



After administration of 250 mg clarithromycin twice daily the microbiologically active 14-hydroxy metabolite attains peak plasma concentrations of 0,6 µg/ml. Steady state is attained within 2 days of dosing.



Distribution:



Clarithromycin penetrates well into different compartments., with an estimated volume of distribution of 200-400 L Clarithromycin provides concentrations in some tissues that are several times higher than the circulating level of the active substance. Increased levels have been found in both tonsils and lung tissue. Clarithromycin also penetrates the gastric mucus.



Clarithromycin is approximately 80% bound to plasma proteins at therapeutic levels.



Biotransformation and elimination:



Clarithromycin is rapidly and extensively metabolised in the liver. Metabolism involves mainly N-dealkylation, oxidation and stereospecific hydroxylation at position C 14.



The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin is non-linear due to saturation of hepatic metabolism at high doses. Elimination half-life increased from 2-4 hours following administration of 250 mg clarithromycin twice daily to 5 hours following administration of 500 mg clarithromycin twice daily. With a 250 mg every 12 hours dosing, the half-life of the active 14-hydroxy metabolite ranges between 5 to 6 hours.



After oral administration of radioactive clarithromycin 70 - 80% of the radioactivity was found in the faeces. Approximately 20 -30% of clarithromycin appears as the unchanged active substance in the urine. This proportion is increased when the dose is increased. Renal insufficiency increases clarithromycin levels in plasma, if the dose is not decreased.



Total plasma clearance has been estimated to approximately 700 ml/min, with a renal clearance of approximately 170 ml/min.



Special populations



Renal impairment: Reduced renal insufficiency function results in increased plasma levels of clarithromycin and the active metabolite levels in plasma.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



In 4-week-studies in animals, toxicity of clarithromycin was found to be related to the dose and to the duration of the treatment. In all species, the first signs of toxicity were observed in the liver, in which lesions were seen within 14 days in dogs and monkeys. The systemic levels of exposure, related to this toxicity, are not known in detail, but toxic doses (300 mg/kg/day) were clearly higher than the therapeutic doses recommended for humans. Other tissues affected included the stomach, thymus and other lymphoid tissues as well as the kidneys. At near therapeutic doses conjunctival injection and lacrimation occurred only in dogs. At a massive dose of 400mg/kg/day some dogs and monkeys developed corneal opacities and/or oedema. Juvenile animals presented similar toxicity profiles to mature animals although enhanced nephrotoxicity in neonatal rats has been reported



In vitro and in vivo studies showed that clarithromycin did not have genotoxic potential.



Studies on reproduction toxicity showed that administration of clarithromycin at doses 2x the clinical dose in rabbit (iv) and x10 the clinical dose in monkey (po) resulted in an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions. These doses were related to maternal toxicity. No embryotoxicity or teratogenicity was generally noted in rat studies. However, cardiovascular malformations were observed in two studies in rats treated with doses of 150 mg/kg/d. In mouse at doses x70 the clinical dose cleft palate occurred at varying incidence (3-30%). Clarithromycin has been found in the milk of lactating animals.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Poloxamer 188



Povidone K 30



Hypromellose



Macrogol 6000



Titanium dioxide (E171)



Methacrylic acid – ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1)



Triethyl citrate



Glycerol monostearate



Polysorbate 80



Sucrose



Maltodextrin



Potassium sorbate



Colloidal anhydrous silica



Xanthan gum



Fruit punch flavouring (natural and artificial flavouring substances including maltodextrin, modified starch and maltol).



6.2 Incompatibilities



Not applicable.



6.3 Shelf Life



3 years.



After reconstitution 14 days.



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Do not store above 25°C.



After reconstitution: Do not store above 25°C.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



60 ml, 120 ml and 240 ml HDPE bottles with child resistant PP-screw closures, an oral PE/PP-measuring syringe (5 ml) with filling marks at 2.5 ml, 3.75 ml and 5.0 ml and a PP-measuring spoon with filling marks at 1.25 ml, 2.5 ml and 5.0 ml.



Pack sizes:



Clarithromycin 125 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



1 bottle contains 27.3 g granules for oral suspension for 40 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 23.6 g) or



34.1 g granules for oral suspension for 50 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 29.5 g) or



41.0 g granules for oral suspension for 60 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 35.4 g) or



47.8 g granules for oral suspension for 70 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 41.3 g) or



54.6 g granules for oral suspension for 80 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 47.2 g) or



68.3 g granules for oral suspension for 100 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 59.0 g) or



81.9 g granules for oral suspension for 120 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 70.8 g).



Double pack of 2 x 60 ml ready-for-use suspension: 2 x 41.0 g granules for oral suspension each for 2 x 60 ml ready-for-use suspension each (required water amount: 2 x 35.4 g each)



Clarithromycin 250 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



1 bottle contains 34.1 g granules for oral suspension for 50 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 28.5 g) or



41.0 g granules for oral suspension for 60 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 34.2 g) or



47.8 g granules for oral suspension for 70 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 39.9 g) or



54.6 g granules for oral suspension for 80 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 45.6 g) or



68.3 g granules for oral suspension for 100 ml ready-for-use suspension (required water amount: 57.0 g).



Double pack of 2 x 60 ml ready-for-use-suspension: 2 x 41.0 g granules for oral suspension each for 2 x 60 ml ready-for-use suspension each (required water amount: 2 x 34.2 g each)



1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 bottles.



Not all pack sizes may be marketed.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



The bottle should be filled with two-thirds of the overall required quantity of water, then thoroughly shaken and filled with water up to the mark and shaken again. The bottle should be shaken vigorously before each application.



After reconstitution with water the medicinal product results in a white to beige suspension.



If the dose is to be given using the oral dosing syringe, the syringe adaptor should be inserted into the bottle neck.



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



Sandoz Ltd



200 Frimley Business Park



Frimley



Camberley



Surrey



GU16 7SR



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 04416/0609 - Clarithromycin 125 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



PL 04416/0610 - Clarithromycin 250 mg/5ml granules for oral suspension



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



2nd March 2005



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



21st July 2010 (to be amended upon approval)




Pizotifen




UK matches:

  • Pizotifen Tablets 500mcg, 1.5mg

Scheme

Rec.INN

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

N02CX01

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0015574-96-6

Chemical Formula

C19-H21-N-S

Molecular Weight

295

Therapeutic Categories

Antimigraine agent

Serotonin antagonist

Chemical Name

Piperidine, 4-(9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thien-4-ylidene)-1-methyl-

Foreign Names

  • Pizotifenum (Latin)
  • Pizotifen (German)
  • Pizotifène (French)
  • Pizotifeno (Spanish)

Generic Names

  • Pizotifen (OS: BAN)
  • Pizotifène (OS: DCF)
  • Pizotyline (OS: USAN)
  • BC-105 (IS)
  • Litec (IS)
  • Polomigran (IS)
  • Pizotifen Malate (OS: BANM)
  • Pizotifen (IS: hydroxysuccinat)
  • Pizotifen Malate (PH: BP 2010)

Brand Names

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    Drug International, Bangladesh


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    Kalbe, Indonesia


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    Techno, Bangladesh


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    Globe, Bangladesh


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    Acme, Bangladesh


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    Navana, Bangladesh; Saiph, Tunisia; Simed, Tunisia


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    Nipa, Bangladesh


  • Sandomigran
    Novartis, Slovakia; Novartis, South Africa


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    Novartis, Iceland


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    Aristopharma, Bangladesh


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  • Pizofen
    Shiba, Yemen


  • Pizotifen
    Actavis, United Kingdom


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    Polon, Poland


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    Dr. Fisher, Netherlands; Euro, Netherlands; Medcor, Netherlands; Novartis, Argentina; Novartis, Australia; Novartis, Belgium; Novartis, Brazil; Novartis, Czech Republic; Novartis, Spain; Novartis, Ghana; Novartis, Hong Kong; Novartis, Italy; Novartis, Kenya; Novartis, Sri Lanka; Novartis, Libya; Novartis, Malaysia; Novartis, Nigeria; Novartis, Netherlands; Novartis, New Zealand; Novartis, Sudan; Novartis, Turkey; Novartis, Tanzania; Novartis, Zimbabwe; Paladin, Canada


  • Sandomigrin
    Novartis, Denmark; Novartis, Sweden


  • Sanmigran
    Novartis, France


  • Sanomigran
    Novartis, Argentina; Novartis, United Kingdom; Novartis, Ireland

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

BANBritish Approved Name
BANMBritish Approved Name (Modified)
DCFDénomination Commune Française
ISInofficial Synonym
OSOfficial Synonym
PHPharmacopoeia Name
Rec.INNRecommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
USANUnited States Adopted Name

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Cecenu




Cecenu may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cecenu



Lomustine

Lomustine is reported as an ingredient of Cecenu in the following countries:


  • Germany

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Amiodarone Teva




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Amiodarone

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Friday 23 September 2016

Bruproxen




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Naproxen

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CitraNatal Assure



ascorbic acid, calcium citrate, iron, vitamin d, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, iodine, zinc, copper, docusate sodium, doconexent and icosapent

Dosage Form: capsule
CitraNatalAssure®

Rx Prenatal Vitamin Tablet and 300 mg DHA Capsule

CitraNatal Assure Description


CitraNatal Assure® is a prescription prenatal/postnatal multivitamin/mineral tablet with Ferr-Ease™, a patented dual-iron delivery comprising both a quick release and slow release iron, and a capsule of an essential fatty acid. The prenatal vitamin is a white, coated, oval multivitamin/mineral tablet. The tablet is debossed "0893" on one side and is blank on the other. The essential fatty acid DHA capsule is clear and contains an amber to light/dark orange semi-solid mixture.




















































Each prenatal capsule contains:
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)120  mg
Calcium (Calcium citrate)125  mg
Iron (Carbonyl iron, ferrous gluconate)35  mg
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)400  IU
Vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate)30  IU
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)3  mg
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)3.4  mg
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)20  mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl)25  mg
Folic Acid1  mg
Iodine (Potassium iodide)150  mcg
Zinc (Zinc oxide)25  mg
Copper (Cupric oxide)2  mg
Docusate Sodium50  mg
Each DHA gelatin capsule contains:
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)300  mg
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)Not more than 0.750  mg

DHA is contained in the oil derived from microalgae.


Other ingredients in DHA gelatin capsule: Gelatin, Glycerin USP, Water.



INDICATIONS


CitraNatal Assure® is a multivitamin/mineral prescription drug indicated for use in improving the nutritional status of women prior to conception, throughout pregnancy, and in the postnatal period for both lactating and nonlactating mothers.



Contraindications


This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.



WARNING

Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6. KEEP THIS PRODUCT OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control center immediately.




Warning


Ingestion of more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids per day has been shown to have potential antithrombotic effects, including an increased bleeding time and INR. Administration of omega-3 fatty acids should be avoided in patients on anticoagulants and in those known to have an inherited or acquired bleeding diathesis.



Warning


Folic acid alone is improper therapy in the treatment of pernicious anemia and other megaloblastic anemias where vitamin B12 is deficient.



Precautions


Folic acid in doses above 0.1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematologic remission can occur while neurological manifestations progress.



Adverse Reactions


Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of folic acid.



CAUTION


Exercise caution to ensure that the prescribed dosage of DHA does not exceed 1 gram (1000 mg) per day.



CitraNatal Assure Dosage and Administration


One tablet and one capsule daily or as directed by a physician.



Store at controlled room temperature.



NOTICE


Contact with moisture can discolor or erode the tablet.



How is CitraNatal Assure Supplied


Six child-resistant blister packs of 5 tablets and 5 capsules each - NDC 0178-0893-30



To report a serious adverse event or obtain product information, call (210) 696-8400.


50289

C02 Rev 010090


Mission®

PHARMACAL


DHA capsules manufactured for:

MISSION PHARMACAL COMPANY

San Antonio, TX USA 78230 1355

Prenatal tablets manufactured by:

MISSION PHARMACAL COMPANY

San Antonio, TX USA 78230 1355


www.missionpharmacal.com


Copyright © 2009 Mission Pharmacal Company.


All rights reserved.


Ferr-Ease™

Dual-iron delivery


Trademark of Mission Pharmacal Company

U.S. Patent No. 6,521,247


life's DHA™

HEALTHY BRAIN, EYES, HEART


Trademark of Martek Biosciences Corporation

U.S. Patent No. 5,407,957

U.S. Patent No. 5,492,938


*March of Dimes does not endorse

specific products or brands.

March of Dimes is a registered trademark

of the March of Dimes Foundation.



PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Six 5-day Blister Pack Carton


Rx Only

NDC 0178-0893-30


Its gentle nature

is its strength


CitraNatalAssure®


Rx Prenatal Vitamin Tablet and 300 mg DHA Capsule


An Rx prenatal

vitamin and

omega-3 (DHA)

derived from an

all natural

plant source


march of dimes®


Mission Pharmacal is a proud

supporter of the March of Dimes.*


CONTAINS

Six 5-day Blister Packs


Mission®

PHARMACAL
























CitraNatal Assure 
ascorbic acid, calcium citrate, iron, vitamin d, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, iodine, zinc, copper, docusate sodium, doconexent and icosapent  kit






Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)0178-0893














Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
10178-0893-306 BLISTER PACK In 1 CARTONcontains a BLISTER PACK
11 KIT In 1 BLISTER PACKThis package is contained within the CARTON (0178-0893-30)











QUANTITY OF PARTS
Part #Package QuantityTotal Product Quantity
Part 1 
Part 2 



Part 1 of 2
PRENATAL VITAMIN 
ascorbic acid, calcium citrate, iron, vitamin d, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, iodine, zinc, copper and docusate sodium  tablet, coated










Product Information
   
Route of AdministrationORALDEA Schedule    















































Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid)ascorbic acid120 mg
calcium citrate (calcium)calcium citrate125 mg
Iron (Iron )Iron35 mg
Cholecalciferol (Cholecalciferol)Cholecalciferol400 [iU]
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL)ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL30 [iU]
Thiamine (Thiamine)Thiamine3 mg
Riboflavin (Riboflavin)Riboflavin3.4 mg
Niacinamide (Niacinamide)Niacinamide20 mg
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Pyridoxine)Pyridoxine Hydrochloride25 mg
Folic Acid (Folic Acid)Folic Acid1 mg
Iodine (Iodine)Iodine150 ug
Zinc (Zinc)Zinc25 mg
Copper (Copper)Copper2 mg
Docusate Sodium (Docusate)Docusate Sodium50 mg


















Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
POVIDONE K30 
Croscarmellose Sodium 
Titanium Dioxide 
Magnesium Silicate 
Magnesium Stearate 
Shellac 
VANILLIN 


















Product Characteristics
ColorWHITEScoreno score
ShapeOVALSize20mm
FlavorImprint Code0893
Contains      







Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
Package Information Not Applicable










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
Unapproved drug other11/19/2008




Part 2 of 2
DHA 
doconexent and icosapent  capsule










Product Information
   
Route of AdministrationORALDEA Schedule    











Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
DOCONEXENT (DOCONEXENT)DOCONEXENT300 mg
ICOSAPENT (ICOSAPENT)ICOSAPENT0.75 mg










Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
Gelatin 
Glycerin 
Water 


















Product Characteristics
ColorORANGE (clear, amber to light/dark orange)Scoreno score
ShapeCAPSULESize23mm
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      







Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
Package Information Not Applicable










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
Unapproved drug other11/19/2008











Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
Unapproved drug other11/19/2008


Labeler - Mission Pharmacal Company (008117095)









Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIOperations
Accucaps Industries Ltd248441727MANUFACTURE









Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIOperations
Mission Pharmacal Company927726893MANUFACTURE
Revised: 05/2011Mission Pharmacal Company

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